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绿巨人视频下载 新聞資訊 演藝動態
國外劇院的投資與經營管理模式
發表時間:2014-11-08

國外劇(ju)院(yuan)的建(jian)設,基本上是以政府投(tou)資(zi)為主,少數輔以民間資(zi)助。

歐洲的(de)(de)歌(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)多數是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)前的(de)(de)老劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang),當地政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)對(dui)(dui)老劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)改造(zao)(zao)(zao)都(dou)有一(yi)(yi)些(xie)具體的(de)(de)規定(ding)。如(ru)巴黎(li)市政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)規定(ding),對(dui)(dui)巴黎(li)歌(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)這樣的(de)(de)老劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要定(ding)期進行維修(xiu)(xiu),每隔30年(nian)(nian)(nian)作一(yi)(yi)次大(da)(da)修(xiu)(xiu)。因為歌(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)公益性(xing)的(de)(de)項目,所以(yi)全部(bu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)承擔。巴黎(li)歌(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1865年(nian)(nian)(nian),經(jing)過幾(ji)次維修(xiu)(xiu)后,2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)又投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)幾(ji)千萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)美(mei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)對(dui)(dui)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)包括門廳等在內進行大(da)(da)修(xiu)(xiu)。巴士底獄(yu)歌(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)加拿(na)大(da)(da)設(she)(she)(she)計師(shi)卡洛斯·奧(ao)特先(xian)生(sheng)設(she)(she)(she)計、1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成的(de)(de)歌(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)方米,政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)28億(yi)(yi)(yi)法郎(lang),相當于(yu)4億(yi)(yi)(yi)美(mei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)全部(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin);洛杉機柯達劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)方米,劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)觀眾(zhong)座位3500席,由(you)(you)(you)好萊塢市政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)9400萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)美(mei)金(jin)(jin)(jin),2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入使用;美(mei)國費(fei)城(cheng)克莫爾(er)藝(yi)術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成于(yu)2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月,有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)2400座的(de)(de)音樂(le)廳,一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)600座的(de)(de)可變劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)25400平(ping)方米,總(zong)(zong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為2.7億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)美(mei)金(jin)(jin)(jin),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)2.4億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)美(mei)金(jin)(jin)(jin),民間克莫爾(er)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人捐贈3000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)美(mei)金(jin)(jin)(jin),所以(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)用克莫爾(er)名字(zi)命名為克莫爾(er)藝(yi)術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心;加拿(na)大(da)(da)蒙特利爾(er)市圣地藝(yi)術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1982年(nian)(nian)(nian),藝(yi)術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心共有大(da)(da)小(xiao)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang),總(zong)(zong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)10億(yi)(yi)(yi)加元(yuan)(yuan),由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)全額投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she);日(ri)本滋賀縣立(li)藝(yi)術(shu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang),有大(da)(da)小(xiao)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang),占地2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)方米,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)2.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)方米,總(zong)(zong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(不(bu)包括土(tu)地)250億(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)元(yuan)(yuan),由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)全額投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi);韓國全州韓國之聲大(da)(da)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)平(ping)方米,2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)入使用,總(zong)(zong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)2138億(yi)(yi)(yi)韓元(yuan)(yuan),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)舞臺設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)250億(yi)(yi)(yi)韓元(yuan)(yuan),全部(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)經(jing)費(fei)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。這是(shi)一(yi)(yi)類(lei)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)全額投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)。第(di)二類(lei)是(shi)由(you)(you)(you)財團或民間投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)。如(ru)拉斯維加斯凱(kai)撒(sa)宮(gong)朱(zhu)(zhu)白(bai)莉(li)(li)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang),是(shi)由(you)(you)(you)凱(kai)撒(sa)宮(gong)朱(zhu)(zhu)白(bai)莉(li)(li)酒店(dian)為席琳·迪翁簽(qian)約演出投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)專用劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang);美(mei)國鹽湖城(cheng)會(hui)議中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)2.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)觀眾(zhong)席位的(de)(de)會(hui)議中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心兼超大(da)(da)型音樂(le)廳和一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)900席的(de)(de)演出劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang),是(shi)由(you)(you)(you)摩門教教會(hui)出資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de),1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she),2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)完工(gong)。這些(xie)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)人和團體投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)并不(bu)是(shi)太多,大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)仍是(shi)由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)興建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)。

國外劇院(yuan)的經營管(guan)理(li)模式(shi)是(shi)與建設投資(zi)主體聯系在一起的,基本(ben)上采(cai)取(qu)誰投資(zi)、誰經營、誰管(guan)理(li)的原(yuan)則。根據(ju)投資(zi)形式(shi),大體上可分(fen)成政(zheng)府管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)、財(cai)團管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)和股份制(zhi)(zhi)幾種(zhong)形式(shi),其(qi)中以政(zheng)府管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)為最(zui)多。

1、政府管理制(zhi)。所(suo)謂(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是指由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)直接組(zu)建國有(you)(you)獨(du)資(zi)(zi)(zi)形式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)司(si),實(shi)施(shi)對劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。德國美因茲(zi)大劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)建于(yu)100年(nian)(nian)(nian)前,1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)留外殼不(bu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下,對劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)全面改造。僅(jin)舞(wu)臺設(she)備(bei)和(he)燈光(guang)、音響(xiang)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改造經(jing)(jing)(jing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)用了3100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)馬(ma)(ma)克(ke),所(suo)有(you)(you)改造經(jing)(jing)(jing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)全部(bu)由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)承(cheng)擔(dan),其中州(zhou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)各承(cheng)擔(dan)50%,劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)包括3個(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)團(tuan),共有(you)(you)演(yan)(yan)職員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)500人(ren)(ren)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)將劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)組(zu)成(cheng)為(wei)國有(you)(you)獨(du)資(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si),公(gong)(gong)司(si)建立(li)董事會,董事及高層(ceng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)均由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)部(bu)門派(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)班子中設(she)有(you)(you)一(yi)名總裁(cai),負責劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全面工作,另外設(she)有(you)(you)一(yi)名技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)副總裁(cai)和(he)一(yi)名財務(wu)副總裁(cai)。德國政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)把劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)列為(wei)公(gong)(gong)益性文化設(she)施(shi),不(bu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)以盈(ying)利為(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),并認為(wei)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)做(zuo)到收(shou)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)衡(heng)或產生(sheng)盈(ying)利是不(bu)可思(si)議的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)必(bi)須多演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),而不(bu)必(bi)去考慮經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)。因為(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)主要(yao)(yao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是提供廣大市(shi)(shi)(shi)民以享(xiang)受文化藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利,因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)規定(ding)票(piao)(piao)價上要(yao)(yao)大眾(zhong)(zhong)化,要(yao)(yao)使廣大市(shi)(shi)(shi)民都能(neng)買得起戲(xi)票(piao)(piao)。該(gai)(gai)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)4000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)馬(ma)(ma)克(ke),劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)通(tong)過演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)約(yue)占費(fei)(fei)(fei)用支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20%,80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)補(bu)貼(tie),州(zhou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)各補(bu)貼(tie)50%。德國德紹劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)建于(yu)1938年(nian)(nian)(nian),由(you)(you)(you)(you)當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)州(zhou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)共同出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)建設(she),2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)3000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)馬(ma)(ma)克(ke)進(jin)行(xing)改造。該(gai)(gai)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)觀(guan)眾(zhong)(zhong)座位1100席,包括劇(ju)(ju)(ju)團(tuan)共390人(ren)(ren)。劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)組(zu)建類(lei)似國有(you)(you)獨(du)資(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財團(tuan)法(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li),政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)部(bu)門派(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)財團(tuan)法(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)代表,劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)設(she)總監(jian)一(yi)人(ren)(ren),技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)副總監(jian)和(he)財務(wu)若干人(ren)(ren),實(shi)施(shi)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)常(chang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。該(gai)(gai)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)票(piao)(piao)價一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)5—16歐元(yuan)一(yi)張左右。劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)總支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)約(yue)2800萬(wan)(wan)(wan)—3000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)馬(ma)(ma)克(ke),演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)占總支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8—12%,政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)補(bu)貼(tie)約(yue)占90%,補(bu)貼(tie)經(jing)(jing)(jing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)由(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)各承(cheng)擔(dan)50%。德國萊比錫(xi)歌(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)設(she)有(you)(you)觀(guan)眾(zhong)(zhong)座位1400席,劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)派(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成(cheng)立(li)董事會,設(she)有(you)(you)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)總監(jian),3個(ge)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)主管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),所(suo)有(you)(you)職員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)享(xiang)受如(ru)公(gong)(gong)務(wu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)待(dai)遇,政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)給(gei)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)下達(da)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)指標,但(dan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)必(bi)須經(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),日(ri)(ri)常(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)撥款(kuan)。法(fa)(fa)國巴黎(li)歌(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)和(he)巴士底獄歌(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)個(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)作為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li),由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)部(bu)門派(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)總經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)副總經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li),在(zai)(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)常(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營運作中,政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)給(gei)予(yu)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)保(bao)障。兩(liang)個(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用開(kai)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大約(yue)9000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)法(fa)(fa)郎(lang),政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)補(bu)貼(tie)65%,約(yue)6000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)法(fa)(fa)郎(lang),自營收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)3000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)法(fa)(fa)郎(lang)。加(jia)拿大蒙特(te)利爾市(shi)(shi)(shi)圣地藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中心(xin),建于(yu)1982年(nian)(nian)(nian),藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中心(xin)設(she)有(you)(you)大小5個(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang),共有(you)(you)觀(guan)眾(zhong)(zhong)座位總數6390席。藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)主為(wei)蒙特(te)利爾市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。中心(xin)不(bu)設(she)獨(du)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)機(ji)(ji)構(gou),也(ye)沒有(you)(you)成(cheng)立(li)公(gong)(gong)司(si),而是由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)招聘一(yi)些專(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)組(zu)建成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)團(tuan)體機(ji)(ji)構(gou)對藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中心(xin)進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)撥款(kuan)1500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)加(jia)元(yuan)用于(yu)藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)日(ri)(ri)常(chang)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用開(kai)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。圣地藝術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)票(piao)(piao)價在(zai)(zai)(zai)25—150加(jia)元(yuan)之間。在(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)中,還有(you)(you)一(yi)種形式(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是采取收(shou)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)條(tiao)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)辦法(fa)(fa)。例如(ru)維也(ye)納國家劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan),由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)派(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)財務(wu)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)歌(ge)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)建立(li)獨(du)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)票(piao)(piao)務(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)。所(suo)有(you)(you)票(piao)(piao)款(kuan)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)扣(kou)除成(cheng)本費(fei)(fei)(fei)用外全部(bu)上交(jiao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),劇(ju)(ju)(ju)院(yuan)(yuan)所(suo)需費(fei)(fei)(fei)用支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)由(you)(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)全額撥款(kuan)。

2、財團管理制。財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)就是政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)將劇(ju)(ju)院建(jian)(jian)(jian)成一(yi)個(ge)財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)法人機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)進行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。如日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本濱(bin)松藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)城設有演出(chu)、會議、展示等功(gong)能(neng),分(fen)別(bie)(bie)由(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)和(he)民間(jian)財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)共同投資(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)城建(jian)(jian)(jian)成后,由(you)(you)財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)組建(jian)(jian)(jian)成有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)進行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)城年(nian)(nian)經(jing)營(ying)收入7億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan),運(yun)營(ying)費用(yong)(yong)19億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan),收支(zhi)差(cha)額(e)12億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan),差(cha)額(e)部(bu)分(fen)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)由(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)和(he)財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)按比(bi)例撥款補貼。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本東京新國立(li)(li)劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang),有大(da)小三個(ge)演出(chu)劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang),大(da)劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)1800座(zuo)(zuo),中劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)1000座(zuo)(zuo),小劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)440座(zuo)(zuo)。新國立(li)(li)劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)由(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)投資(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造,建(jian)(jian)(jian)成后成立(li)(li)了新國立(li)(li)劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)運(yun)營(ying)財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)作為劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)的財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)法人進行(xing)運(yun)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本滋賀(he)縣琵琶湖藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)中心(xin),建(jian)(jian)(jian)設資(zi)金(jin)250億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan),由(you)(you)縣政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)全額(e)投資(zi),1994年(nian)(nian)成立(li)(li)籌建(jian)(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou),1996年(nian)(nian)先于藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)中心(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成之前(qian)就正式組建(jian)(jian)(jian)了管(guan)(guan)理(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)——財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)法人,1998年(nian)(nian)9月藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)中心(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成對外開放。目(mu)前(qian)經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理(li)由(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)(gong)司(si)——財(cai)(cai)團(tuan)(tuan)法人負責。藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)中心(xin)的平均使(shi)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)在60%—70%之間(jian),每(mei)年(nian)(nian)經(jing)營(ying)收入2—3億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan),年(nian)(nian)費用(yong)(yong)開支(zhi)約(yue)18億(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)元(yuan),差(cha)額(e)部(bu)分(fen)由(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)補貼給(gei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)(gong)司(si)。洛杉磯柯(ke)達劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)的建(jian)(jian)(jian)設資(zi)金(jin)由(you)(you)好(hao)萊塢(wu)市政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)投資(zi),建(jian)(jian)(jian)成后交給(gei)柯(ke)達公(gong)(gong)司(si)進行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li),由(you)(you)柯(ke)達公(gong)(gong)司(si)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)資(zi)助劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)一(yi)定的日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)常運(yun)行(xing)經(jing)費(資(zi)助經(jing)費屬商業機(ji)(ji)(ji)密,不肯告知(zhi)),柯(ke)達劇(ju)(ju)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于電視轉播用(yong)(yong)。據介紹門票比(bi)較好(hao)賣,上(shang)座(zuo)(zuo)率(lv)(lv)也比(bi)較高,票價一(yi)般(ban)在200—300美金(jin)一(yi)張(zhang),一(yi)年(nian)(nian)演出(chu)約(yue)200場(chang)(chang)左右,加上(shang)柯(ke)達公(gong)(gong)司(si)資(zi)助,基本上(shang)能(neng)達到收支(zhi)平衡(heng)。

3、股份制。這種管理模式(shi)的劇(ju)場(chang)不(bu)是(shi)很多(duo)。其(qi)中意大(da)利米蘭(lan)斯(si)卡拉大(da)劇(ju)院,該劇(ju)院實行公司制形式(shi)進行經營(ying)管理,把劇(ju)場(chang)股份制分成國(guo)家股和私人(ren)(ren)股,國(guo)家股占50%,私人(ren)(ren)股占50%。收支相抵后(hou)的差額部分,按比(bi)率分別由政府(fu)和私人(ren)(ren)予以補貼(tie)和資助。

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